目 录
第一部分：系统开发建议书·························．共5页
第二部分：WZ45．40装载工作装置设计··············共40页
摘要：
第一章：整机概述········································1
第一节：绪论············································1
第二节：国内外发展现状···································2
第三节：挖掘装载机发展特点·······························5
第二章：铲斗设计······································．7
第三章：挖掘装载机工作装置结构设计·····················．10
一、确定动臂长度、形状与车架的铰接位置················11
二、连杆机构设计·······································．15
三、转斗油缸与摇臂的铰接点以及下拉杆与机架铰接点的确定”················································16
四、举升油缸与动臂和机架的铰接点·······················17
五、铲斗举升平动分析及最大卸载高度、最小卸载距离的确定·················································l 8
第四章：工作装置的受力分析···························．21
第五章：工作装置的运动仿真····························32
第六章：工艺分析·····································．33
第七章：工作装置的限位机构·····························．35
第八章：设计心得及实习体会····························．37
第九章：附录···········································．38
第三部分：翻译材料····································13页
中文摘要
生产过程自动化是当前科学技术发展的主要趋向之一。近年来，我国机械制造业中的自动化生产技术有较快的发展，在汽车、拖拉机、轴承、电机等工厂里设计和制造了许多自动化机床和自动线，提高了劳动生产率和生产技术水平，还改善了劳动条件。
轴承是一种通用性机械零部件，用来支撑轴，保持轴的准确位置，在我们日常生产生活中，起到了极大的作用。轴承的分类很多，滚针轴承就是其中很重要的一种。由于其结构特性，滚针轴承在以往的装配过程中，大多采用手工，既费时又费力，极大限制了劳动生产率的提高。要实现滚针轴承装配自动化已经迫在眉睫。
本次设计的全自动滚针轴承装针机是专为汽车万向节中的滚针轴承装配设计的，其主要特点是结构简单，价格便宜，易于操作，维护方便，并且装针数目准确可靠，是一种比较理想的装配机。本装配机可以绝大部分取代人力劳动，大大提高生产效率，发展前景乐观。
关键词 滚针轴承 装配自动化 全自动滚针轴承装针机
外文摘要
Title The Design Of The Automatic Assembling
Machine For Needle Bearings
Abstract
Process automation is one of the major directions in science technology at present。In recently years，the technology of automatic production has been developed quickly in our engineering industry。For example，many automatic machine tools and automatic assembling lines have been adopted in automatic industry and manufacture factories of tractor、bearing、electrical machinery。Therefore，improve the productivity and the level of technology in manufacture，at the same time，improve the work conditions of the operators。
Bearing is one of the universal machine elements。It can be used to hold the axis and keep the precise location of the axis，also bear the force given by the axis。In other words，it stands a great role in our daily manufacture。There are many kinds of bearings and needle bearing is one of the important ones。In the past，people assembled the bearings by hands because of the structure feature。Many times and workforce have been wasted，in turn，the productivity has been decreased。For the above，it is necessary to realize the automation in needle bearing assembling。
In this paper，I will design the automatic assembling machine for needle bearings used in universal Joint of automatic。The feature of the automatic assembler machine are sample in structure，easily to operate and convenient to maintain，what is more，the cost is low。Another feature of it is that the needle number to assemble is precise and reliable。All in all，the automatic assembler machine can liberate the workforce，improve the productivity。It will be an ideal automatic assembler machine and will have great potential in actual applications。
Keywords needle bearing
assembling automation
the automatic assembling machine for needle bearings
目录
1 引言………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 设计意义及目的……………………………………………………….1
1.2 设计题目及要求……………………………………………………….1
1.3 课题内容及工作量…………………………………………………….1
2 总体方案设计……………………………………………………………3
2.1 课题的提出…………………………………………………………….3
2.2 总体方案……………………………………………………………….3
3 典型机构设计…………………………………………………………..5
3.1 滚针的自动上料机构………………………………………………….5
3.2 轴承外圈的上料机构………………………………………………...13
3.3 装配和卸料装置……………………………………………………...18
3.4 凸轮机构……………………………………………………………...20
3.5 传动系统设计………………………………………………………...27
4 机器的使用和维护……………………………………………………..35
机器的调整…………………………………………………………....35
4.2 机器的使用…………………………………………………………...35
4.3 机器的维护…………………………………………………………...36
5“U”形块的加工工艺过程……………………………………………..37
结论………………………………………………………………………..42
致谢………………………………………………………………………..43
参考文献…………………………………………………………………..44
附录 电算程序……………………………………………………………45
图 轴承外圈上料机构仿真图................................49
摘要
目前我国大部分轴承产品加工企业，特别是一些中小规模的生产单位，对产品感官指标的检测还要借助于人的视觉和个人主观判断能力,因而占用了大量的人力,而且由于受到个人的视力、情绪、疲劳、光线等因素的影响,工作效率低,分选差异大。如何提高检测效率、检测的准确度，成为一个重要的研究课题。
本次设计引入了一个新的现代化的检测技术：基于图像识别技术的在线检测。
本次我的任务主要是设计整个检测线以及与其配套的相关执行系统、及相关软件。设计出了以同步带为传送方式的轴承输送带，设计出了4轴机械手，及其控制电器图，并编制了以部分系统软件。
经过设计，证明基于机器视觉的轴承在线检测系统的开发完确是可行的，我们的设计完全可以用到轴承生产企业中去。
关键字：图像识别；在线检测；同步带；机械手
Abstract
Currently ，most of bearings production enterprises of our country , especially some factories of medium and small scale, still need to ask for help from the person's sense of vision and personal subjective judgment abilities to the examination of the product sense organs index sign, as result of taking up a great deal of manpower, and because of being affect by the factors, such as personal sight, motion, fatigue and ray...etc., the work efficiency is low, and the difference of choosing is obvious. How to raise the degree of the efficiency and accurate examination, becomes an important research topic.
This design led to go into a new modernized of examination technique: on-line examination based on image understanding technique.
My mission mainly is to design the whole examination line performance system, and software with its kit of related. We have designed bearings belt taking synchronously belt as the conveying way, 4 stalk mechanical hands, and electric appliances controlling diagram, also we have drawn up parts of system software.
Through designing, it shows that the development of bearings on-line examination system is reasonable; Our design can used in the manufactures of bearings production.
Keywords: image understanding; on-line examination; synchronously belt; manipulator
目录
第一章 概 述 ……………………………………………………………1
1.1 前 言 ……………………………………………………………1
1.2 国内外发展情况…………………………………………………1
1.3 课题研究内容……………………………………………………1
第二章 系统总体设计……………………………………………………3
2.1系统总体技术分析 ………………………………………………3
2.2总体系统工作原理 ………………………………………………2
2.3系统描述及关键问题分析 ………………………………………4
2.4系统总体的组成 …………………………………………………5
2.5 总体系统的设计任务 ……………………………………………6
第三章 输送线的设计 ……………………………………………………7
3.1 自动线的设计选用要点 …………………………………………7
3.2 同步带简介 ………………………………………………………7
3.3 同步带的设计计算 ………………………………………………10
第四章 机械手的设计 ……………………………………………………16
4.1引言…………………………………………………………………16
4.2 机械手的组成 ……………………………………………………16
4.3 机械手的整体功能 ………………………………………………17
4.4机械手手部得设计 ………………………………………………19
4.5 臂部设计 …………………………………………………………20
4.6 机身设计 …………………………………………………………21
4.7 底座设计 …………………………………………………………24
4.8 滚动轴承的选择计算 ……………………………………………27
4.9 联轴器的选择 ……………………………………………………27
4.10 机械手的基本参数………………………………………………28
第五章 中间轴轴径估计……………………………………………………29
5.1 初估轴径 …………………………………………………………29
5.2 零件的强度校核 …………………………………………………30
第六章 电路图设计…………………………………………………………33
6.1 微机测控系统的基本组成 ……………………………………33
6.2 基本工作流程过程………………………………………………39
6.3 单片机应用系统设计 ……………………………………………39
6.4 机械手流程图 …………………………………………………40
6.5 相关的系统程序 ………………………………………………42
总 结 ………………………………………………………………………43
致 谢…………………………………………………………………………45
参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………46
附录 …………………………………………………………………………48
带位移电反馈的二级电液比例节流阀设计
摘要：电液比例技术发展迅猛，以其控制精度较高、结构简单、成本合理等优点在工业生产中获得了越来越来广泛的应用，它的发展程度也可从一个侧面反映一个国家液压工业技术水平，因而日益受到各国工业界的重视。
本设计的课题是电液比例阀中的一类——二级电液比例节流阀。在对该阀各部分的结构、原理及性能参数进行详细分析的基础上，完成了功率级为二通插装阀，先导级为电液比例三通减压溢流阀，通径为32mm，最大流量为480L/min，进油口额定工作压力为31.5MPa，出油口额定工作压力为30.5MPa的电液比例节流阀的结构设计与参数设计。
关键词：电液比例节流阀； 插装阀； 比例电磁铁
The design of two stage electro-hydraulic proportional throttle valve with displacement electricity feedback
Majority:Machine Design ＆ Manufacturing and Automation
Abstract: The technology of electro-hydraulic proportional develops swiftly and violently, it has more and more come the widespread application in the industrial production by its precision control, the simply structure, the reasonable cost and so on, its degree of development also might reflect a national hydraulic pressure industrial technology level from a side, so this technology received more and more value by the various countries' industrial field.
The topic of this graduation project is precisely one kind of electro-hydraulic proportional valve----two stage electro-hydraulic proportional throttle valve. This design will first carry on detailed analysis to the structure, principle and function parameter of various part of this kind of valve, then complete the structural design and the parameter design of the two stage electro-hydraulic proportional throttle valve ,this valve's main stage is cartridge valve ,its forerunner stage is three contacts reduced pressure overflow valve .This valve's rectum is 32mm,and its max regulated flow is 480L/min,the oil input port fixed working pressure is 31.5MPa, the output port fixed working pressure is 30.5MPa.
Keyword: Electro-hydraulic proportional throttle valve; Cartridge valves; Proportion electro-magnet ratio electromagnet
目录
前言…………………………………………………………………………………………………………16
正文…………………………………………………………………………………………………………17
1 流量阀控制流量的一般原理……………………………………………………………………………17
1.1 流量控制的基本原理……………………………………………………………………………17
1.4 主阀阀芯节流口形式的确定……………………………………………………………………18
2 比例节流阀结构设计…………………………………………………………………………………18
2.1 插装阀介绍……………………………………………………………………………………19
2.2 控制盖板的设计………………………………………………………………………………19
2.3 插装式主阀设计…………………………………………………………………………………21
2.4 先导阀设计………………………………………………………………………………………30
2.5 弹簧的选用………………………………………………………………………………………38
2.6 公差与配合的确定………………………………………………………………………………39
2.7 比例放大器………………………………………………………………………………………40
2.8 比例电磁铁………………………………………………………………………………………42
2.9 结构设计小结……………………………………………………………………………………45
3 节流阀工作总原理分析及其性能参数指标……………………………………………………………45
3.1 原理分析…………………………………………………………………………………………45
3.2 静态性能指标……………………………………………………………………………………47
3.3 动态性能指标……………………………………………………………………………………48
结论…………………………………………………………………………………………………………49
致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………………………50
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………………………51
科技译文……………………………………………………………………………………………………52
目 录
0前言…………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.传输链轮的设计…………………………………………………………………… 3
2.传输链轮的设计……………………………………………………………………… 5
3.传动轴的校核…………………………………………………………………… 7
4.比较其他方案…………………………………………………………………… 10
5.温度控制系统……………………………………………………………………… 12
6.结论…………………………………………………………………………………… 20
7.致谢……………………………………………………………………………………… 21
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………22
附件清单……………………………………………………………………………………23
摘 要
机械化运送越来越广泛的得到应用,近年来已成为发展最迅速的行业之一在机械化输送的领域里,链条输送既能实现垂直,水平,倾斜,弯曲及相互组合的各种输送轨迹,又能适应散装,带装等各种类型的物料搬运;既能满足运行平稳,低速输送和节拍可控的自动化生产先的工况要求,又能在恶劣的环境里可靠的工作,链条输送机作为性能良好的连续输送机,它可以不停的在同一方向运输物料,装卸无须停机,具有很高的生产率. 由于链条输送机供料均匀与运行速度稳定,工作过程中消耗的功率变化不大,因而驱动装置功率较小 链条输送机的重要功能元件是输送链,而链条的结构是千变万化的,所以链条输送机能适用于众多的使用环境和众多的使用要求.与带传动相比, 链传动没有弹性滑动和打滑,能保持准确的平均传动比,传动尺寸比较紧凑,不需要很大的张紧力,作用在轴上的载荷也小;承载能力大;效率高 ,如果温度较高,在这样的环境下如果我们采用带传动,带子的寿命会很短,而且实际情况会更糟,采用齿轮传动,可能情况也没什么差别, 在低速运行大中心距的情况下,与齿轮传动相比,链传动能吸振与缓和冲击,结构简单,加工成本低廉,安装精度要求低.
关键词：自动化 输送机 链条 平稳
Abstract
Mechanization transit more and more extensive get application, have become in recent years develop the most quick profession one in mechanize transport field in, chain transport can realize vertical, level, incline , bend and make up mutually various transport locus, can again meet bulk, take pack wait for the stock of various types carry ; can satisfy operation steady, transport at low speed may control with metre automation production the late requirement of operating mode, again can in bad environment in reliable work, chain conveyer is performance good continuous conveyer, it need not stop in same one side to transportation stock, load and unload need not stop machine, have very high productivity. Since chain conveyer is let , expects , is even , is steady with traversal speed, the power change that consumed in working process is not large , thus the power of actuating device less prick Jia Lu suddenly make noise signboard sheath Lu earth the structure of chain is ever changing, so chain conveyer can apply to numerous use environment and numerous use ask . compare with , chain transmission with tape transmission have no elasticity slide with hit slippery, can maintain accurate average transmission compare than, transmission size compact, do not need great tensile force, take affect in axle on load also little; bearing capacity big; efficiency is positive drive high , if temperature higher, in such environment take off if we can be the condition of big central distance at low speed short very much with the life of tape transmission and belt, also actual condition can go bad more, adopt , possible condition also sink what difference, in run compare with , chain transmission with positive drive can inhale shake lash with mitigation, structure simple, finished cost cheap, installation precision requirement low.
Keyword: Automize Conveyer. Roller chain . Steady
