全液压多功能甘蔗收获机设
汽车发动机连杆称重去重自
汽车发动机连杆大小头孔中心线平行度自动检测装置设计（完整一套设计，有说明书:论文，图纸）
A0汽车连杆大小头平行度自动检测装置设计装配图.dwg
测试箱装配图A1.dwg
连杆总成图A3.dwg
数控系统控制电路图A1.dwg
液压夹紧系统原理图A4.dwg
支座零件图A2.dwg
步进电机.doc
说明书.doc
目 录
中文摘要································4
Absrtact·································4
第1章 绪论·····························5
1.1 课题的概况及提出·························5
1.2 课题分析·····························5
第2章 总体方案设计·························5
2.1 本装置的主要组成部分·······················5
2.1.1 机械部分·························5
2.1.2 液压部分·························5
2.1.3 电气部分·························5
2.2 本测试系统的理论方法和依据····················5
2.3 机械部分的作用及其设计原则····················6
2.4 液压部分的功能··························6
2.5 模数转换电路···························6
2.6 相关的计算机接口电路·······················6
第3章 机械部分的设计························6
3.1 传感器的选用及安装························6
3.1.1 传感器的选用·······················6
3.1.2 传感器的安装······················6
3.1.2.1 测杆与外伸轴的刚度估计················6
3.1.2.2 传感器的定位与安装··················7
3.2 其他运动部件的设计与计算·····················7
3.2.1 承载工作台外形尺寸与重量估计··············7
3.2.2 测试箱外形尺寸及重量估算················7
3.2.3 滚珠丝杠螺母副的设计计算················7
3.2.3.1 计算载荷FC（N）的计算·················7
3.2.3.2 计算额定动载荷计算值 ··············7
3.2.3.3 根据 选择滚珠丝杠副···············8
3.2.3.4 稳定性验算·······················8
3.2.3.5 刚度验算························8
3.2.4 滚动导轨的设计······················9
3.2.4.1 导轨的长度·······················9
3.2.4.2 滚动体尺寸与数目的确定·················9
3.2.4.3 验算许用负载······················9
3.2.5 步进电机的选用······················9
3.2.5.1 滚珠丝杠传动系统传动比i的确定············9
3.2.5.2 减速齿轮的设计·····················9
3.2.5.3 步进电机启动力矩的计算·················9
3.2.5.4 步进电机转动惯量计算·················10
3.2.5.5 选择步进电机的型号··················10
3.3 数控系统的精度验算·······················10
第4章 液压部分的设计·······················10
4.1 液压缸的设计··························11
4.1.1 夹紧力的计算·····················11
4.1.2 确定液压缸的主要尺寸·················11
4.1.3 计算液压缸工作阶段所需的流量·············11
4.1.4 液压缸的安装·····················11
4.2 液压泵的选用··························12
4.2.1 泵的工作压力的确定··················12
4.2.2 泵的流量确定·····················12
4.2.3 选择液压泵的规格···················12
4.3 与液压泵匹配电动机的选定····················12
第5章 检测装置的数控系统硬件电路设计···············13
5.1 硬件电路总体设计方案······················13
5.1.1 硬件电路框图表示···················13
5.1.2 硬件电路主要元器件的选择清单·············13
5.2 主控制器CPU的选择及其引脚···················13
5.2.1 CPU的选择·······················13
5.2.2 8031的硬件资源及其引脚················14
5.2.2.1 8031的内部资源···················14
5.2.2.2 8031的引脚定义及功能················14
5.3 存储器扩展电路的设计······················14
5.3.1 程序存储器的扩展电路芯片················14
5.3.2 地址锁存器选用····················14
5.3.3 数据存储器的扩展电路芯片···············15
5.3.4 译码器的选用······················15
5.4 I/O扩展电路的设计·························15
5.4.1 8255可编程接口芯片的选用················15
5.4.1.1 数据总线·······················15
5.4.1.2 控制线························15
5.4.1.3 寻址线························16
5.4.2 步进电机驱动电路···················16
5.4.2.1 计算机接口······················16
5.4.2.2 脉冲分配器······················16
5.4.2.3 光电隔离电路·····················16
5.4.2.4 功率放大器······················16
5.4.3 三相异步电机的驱动电路·················17
5.4.4 电磁换向阀的驱动电路··················17
5.5 模数转换电路设计·························17
5.5.1 测量电桥························17
5.5.2 测量放大电路·····················17
5.5.3 相敏检波电路·····················17
5.5.4 功率放大电路·····················17
5.5.5 集成采样保持电路···················18
5.5.6 A/D转换电路·····················18
5.6 其他辅助电路设计························18
5.6.1 键盘与显示器接口电路··················18
5.6.2 打印机接口电路····················19
5.6.3 报警显示接口电路···················19
第6章 控制软件编程························19
6.1 监控软件的功能·························19
6.1.1 仪表硬件和软件的初始化·················19
6.1.2 基本输入和输出系统的实现················19
6.1.3 仪表内部的组态·····················19
6.1.4 仪表的任调度······················19
6.2 键盘与显示器接口的软件设计···················19
6.2.1 接口电路·······················20
6.2.2 软件设计······················20
鸣 谢································23
参考文献·······························24
中文摘要
汽车连杆两端孔的平行度的要求比较高，如果平行度差，就会使发动机的噪音大，耗油量大，磨擦大，磨损快，这就要求工件必须有很高的平行度。
本装置是专门为测试汽车发动机连杆两孔中心线的平行度而设计的。本系统的设计原则是：全部测试过程自动化，包括检测前的工件夹紧，测试过程中的数据处理，检测后试件的自动退出以及测试结果的显示与打印。本装置的特点是：测试精度较高。
在本系统中，测试时测试箱和测杆的运动由X向数控工作台来拖动，数控工作台由步进电动机带动，工件的夹紧装置采用液压系统，因为液压系统夹紧比较平稳，振动较小，对系统的精度影响较小。
本装置是一个完整的测试装置，既可以单独用来测试，也可用于计算机集成制造系统中去。
关键词： 平行度；单片机控制系统；传感器；X向数控工作台
Abstract
The center line parallelism of the car’s link bar has a high request. If the center line parallelism is not well, the auto engine will have a loud noise, big waste of oil, big friction, fast wear away. So it requests the work-piece have a high center line parallelism.
This testing set is special designed for testing the centre line parallelism of auto engine link bar’s twain aperture. The design principle of this system is: All testing is roboticized, including the data processing before work piece was clamped, the test piece automatic quit after test, testing result display and mimeograph. The characteristic of this set is: The testing precision relatively higher.
In this system, when testing begin, the testing box and the measure pole is dragged by the X direction numerical control table and at the same time, the table was drove by step-electromotor. the fixture adopted hydraulic pressure system, because this system is more placidity and the effect to system’s precision is very small.
This set is a whole testing installation. It not only can singly for testing but also for CIMS too.
Key words：the center line parallelism ; the single-chip processor ; sensor; X direction numerical control table sensor
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